Wood router joinery

Creating joints to fasten two or most pieces of wood is the common way to build a wood working project. Learning how can be tricky for those who are just getting started in the workshop. There are four common joints that you can make with a router and use for most of your projects.

There are many different types of joinery that a wood worker can use to join two or more pieces of wood together.  Depending on the situation and the amount of stress a joint will be subjected to a wood worker needs to create a joint that will be able to with stand the stress.

Selecting a joint that is going to maximize strength is important. This is determined by the amount of glue surface of the joint and the direction of any stresses the joint will experience.

Housed Dado
A dado is simply a flat bottomed groove cut partially into a piece of stock. This joint is typically used when building shelves.

Use your wood router with a straight cutting bit and a straight edge to guide the router is the simplest way to mill a housed dado. Simply clamp the straight edge to the board as a guide for the router base plate. You will have to determine the proper distance from joint that you will need to set your straight edge. Measure the radius of the router base plate and subtract the radius of the bit you are using. This will give the exact distance from the joint your straight edge will need to be clamped.

Once your straight edge is clamped in the proper position simply guide your router through the cut. Take several passes, increasing the depth of the cut with each pass. This way you are able to control the router easier and reduce the work load on the router. Continue to cut and reposition your straight edge until you have cut all the dados.

Stopped Dado
Ideal for shelves or bookcases that don't have a face frame a stopped dado hides the joint to make a project look better. Stopped dados are created the same way you would make a housed dado. Great for shelves and bookcases without face frames a stopped dado allows a woodworker to hide the joint along the front edge. This still provides the strength of the dado joint but stops just short of the front edge.

To make a stopped dado simply mark the joint about an inch from the front edge and stop the router as you get to that mark.

Rabbet Joint
A rabbet joint is simple a groove or dado that is cut along the edge of a piece of stock. The simplest way to form a rabbet joint is to use a rabetting bit in your router. This is a straight cutting bit whose depth of cut is controlled by a guide bearing. Depending on the size of the rabbet you can change the size of the guide bearing.

Rabbets are most common for making a recess on the back of a project to receive a plywood back.

Tongue & Groove Joint
A tongue and groove joint consists of a flange on one piece of stock and a groove on a mating piece. The flange fits snuggly into the groove and creates a very strong joint, especially when glued.

Creating a tongue and groove joint is a bit more work then a housed dado but is still rather simple with a router table. First start by cutting the groove. A general rule of thumb is to cut the groove first and cut the tongue to fit. The groove should be 50% of the thickness of your stock.

Start at the router table and fit your router with a straight cutting bit. Adjust the rip fence until it is as close to center as you can get it. Set the height of the router bit so it is about 1/16" deeper then you need. Now simply feed the stock through the bit taking extra care to keep the wood tight to the fence and down on the table.

To get the groove exactly centered run the wood through the router again but this time flip the stock so the opposite face is against the fence.

With the groove milled in the first piece you can measure the exact width and start to form the tongue. This is simple, place the piece with the groove flat on the router table and set the height of the bit so it is just shy of the groove. This will be the most precise method for getting the tongue the right thickness. Make the pass on the first side flip over the board and make a second pass to complete the tongue.

The router is a great tool for creating precise and attractive joinery. When used with a router table and the right bits you can make almost any type of joinery needed to complete most wood working projects.